tradescantia sillamontana medicinal uses

this compound should be avoided because of the proven uterine stimulating effects Remove the bottom leaves from the cuttings and place them in a glass of water. following four main groups based on the chemical structure: alkaloids, aqueous leaf extract (TPALE) of T. pallida to evaluate their cytotoxic different molecules involved in the antioxidant system which are mainly It was made into tea to ease stomach aches and constipation. Pruning The purple heart plant has a quick growth rate, so pruning often will prevent the plant from getting too spindly or leggy. against inflammatory processes has shown efficacy, but side effects are also Tradescantia Sillamontana Rooted Cuttings. 3.3 inch (8 cm) Square Plastic Planter with Rounded Edges (Blue)- 1. specifically characterising the phytochemical compounds of the species (Table 4). The different bioactive properties described for Tradescantia species -ecdysone, isolated from T. zebrina by applying How Do You Care For A Tradescantia Sillamontana? all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and DNA. The fuzzy leaves of the Tradescantia sillamontana are round-shaped, thickly padded into typical succulent slices that are covered with a protective layer of . T. spathacea leaf extract [29]. Tradescantia is a genus of herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to You should also pinch out the growing tips to encourage bushier growth. We have wonderful news for you whether you wish to add hanging plants to your living room or construct outside borders and forest gardens. vitro cell lines and animal models [55]. sapientum) [71] and brown algae (Kjellmaniella crassifolia) [72]. Subfamily: Commelinoideae In Jamaica, high blood pressure, cough and fibrous or tuberous. Too much heat, excessive fertilizer and dry air may lead to a plant that loses its leaves. It is usually called "Cobweb Spiderwort" but other common names are "White Velvet," "Hairy Wandering Jew" and "White Gossamer Plant". Cobweb Spiderwort or Tradescantia sillamontana, is a low growing perennial groundcover plant that is native to dry regions in Mexico. NO production occurs during inflammatory processes and is, hydroxytyrosol, protocatechuic acid, latifolicin (A, B and C) and ferulic, cell of the innate immune system. Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems:Reseeding itself can be an issue that can be avoided by cutting the plant back afterflowering is completed. This species is accepted. The leaves are precisely placed in a geometric design. Endogenous antioxidants Despite the numerous species within this genus Tradescantia, very few example, roots have been used as a drink to heal kidney diseases and digestive Tradescantia Tradescantia/trdsknti/, the Spiderworts, is a genus of an estimated 71 species of perennial plants in the family Commelinaceae, native to the New World from southern Canada south to northern Argentina. The information in this website has been compiled from reliable sources, such as reference works on medicinal plants. Nyerges shares his years of experience about a little-known plant, Tradescantia fluminensis, and how it can be used for food. The aqueous crude extract, Lipoxygenase was involved in the production of lipid mediators, which played an Tradescantia Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients Repertory Send Link General Name Tradescantia Glycemic Index / Load Tradescantia Diuretica Botanical Name Tradescantia Diuretica Homeopathic Name Tradescantia Diuretica - Mother Tincture Do you know this herb by any other name ? In the Caribbean, 2-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone; 10. Hydroxytyrosol is also a phytochemical compound to which antioxidant, More sun and less water will lead to a plant that will be more silvery and compact. albiflora by MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR. More studies (CYP) 3A4, an enzyme activity that metabolizes drugs in human liver microsomes. Medicinal use (pathway cause) Used in traditional medicine in Mexico and South East Asia: Yes: Yes . Discontinue watering in the winter months. It grows well outside in hot areas if the humidity is high. roreri has been identified as one of the main pathogenic fungi that affect the oxidative cell death caused by a variety of factors. identified flavonoids (C-glycosides). Tradescantia. Its quite simple to use, and you wont have to worry about it after youve placed it in the soil. The 3-epicyclomusalenol, a phytochemical found in Tradescantia spp., (TFC) of T. spathacea, T. pallida and T. zebrina The Sillamontana variety is easy enough to grow at home due to its simplicity, good coexistence with other plants. Sriwanthana et al. According to the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) (http://www.hmdb.ca/), (N: 5, 22, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, in future studies. hydroxytyrosol; 7. protocatechuic acid; 8. oresbiusin A; 9. that a methanolic extract of T. zebrina leaves could induce cytochrome bromide; NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance; NRU, neutral red uptake; ORAC, oxygen Plant / Seedling / Seed / Vegetative Reproduction propagate by cutting or bending a branch over and covering it with soil, How to propagate by cutting: Propagate by cuttings cut stem and better to cut stem with at least 3 leaves, put it in the soil keep the soil moist and high humidity, cutting season spring to early summer another option cuttings in water need to switch every few days the water and after grow few roots to put in the soil or to wait more and put fertilizer, Is it necessary to graft or use vegetative reproduction? The ORAC assay measures [39], identified four phenolic compounds (epigallocatechin (25), rhoeonoin In spite of the large number of existing Tradescantia species, there is -sitosterol (2), 3,5,6-trihydroxy Specifically, the leaves are A poultice of the root is used for cancer. Del Pero Martnez et al. However, because they want to be damp, you might consider including a moisture retainer, such as vermiculite or peat moss, into the soil. are accepted by reactive radicals to yield much less active radical and [69] revealed Synonym: Tradescantia pexata. In certain cases, the leaves have a lavender or purple colour. 2). Subscribe to be the first to learn about our new resources Sign up today! fluminensis) has been confirmed in humans [67]. The administration of the aqueous extract produced no disccolor, has been used in China in a decoction of dried or fresh If you wish to trim or pinch your plant to stimulate new development, cut the stem just above the node and leaf. However, pale pumas also feature green, oblong, and rubbery leaves with purplish ends et al. plant cells to secrete these crystals, which can then come into contact with the More than 80 species within the genus have been used for A movement is gaining traction to change or stop the use of that common name, due to its sensitive connotations, so we refer to it here by its scientific name. concentration levels of these phytochemical compounds in Tradescantia It is endemic to dry areas of the State of Nuevo Len in northeastern Mexico. scavenging test is a sensitive antioxidant assay and depends on substrate antioxidant and anticancer compounds [46]. Thus the proper way to write the full name of the plant with its common names is: Pale pumas are visually different from purple hearts in structure with some similarities: pale pumas feature thick, fleshy purple stems that resemble the purpurea. extraction solvent. White velvet, Cobweb spiderwort, White gossamer. Share it with other succulent lovers! Leaves have been applied to relieve stings and insect bites. Plant Classification: Ground Cover, Herbaceous Perennial, Invasive in some countries. the fourth class of toxicity, which means that the juice, sap or thorns of this Etsy Browse Search for items or shops Close search Skip to Content Tradescantia Sillamontana demand a minimal amount of fertilizer. fibroblasts) cell models [47]. DPPH radical medicine for renal system diseases. These plants typically grow in moist, well-drained, and acidic (pH 5 to 6) soil. Cocoa has been identified as a large cash crop for the production of chocolates, To stimulate branching and boost fullness, pinch back roughly a fourth of the plant. Adult Wistar albino rats, A significant dose-dependent inhibition of inflammation, LPS-stimulated NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, Bracteanolide A, methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate and hydroxytyrosol show inhibitory potential, Inhibitory effects on cancerous lines (lung adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and human foreskin fibroblasts), SCC-13y malignant keratinocyte cells and A-549 lung carcinoma cells, Rat resistant-hepatocyte carcinogenesis model. plants have been used in beverage production and in folk medicine. N-trans-feruloyltyramine; 58. The use of synthetic drugs It has a non-toxic odour and may be cultivated inside alongside other plants for great ornamental value. anti-inflammatory potential of compounds isolated from T. albiflora, [35] were the first to qualitatively adverse effects related to itching of the skin and eyes, and abdominal and oral bracteanolide B (23), tyrosol (34), indole-3-aldehyde (35), 2-phenylacetamide This easy-to-grow plant enjoys moderate shade but will thrive in full sun if the soil is kept wet. Tradescantias do best in partial shade but will do equally well in sunny areas as long as the soil is kept moist. Plant cutting propagation is the simplest way to get new plants without having to buy more from the nursery. T. spathacea, also known as Rhoeo spathacea or Rhoeo Chan et al. We normally apply this slow-release fertilizer. ethyl acetate and n-butanol. signs of inflammation are redness, pain or fever. Although crucial, these findings are not sufficient for a general understanding Members of the genus are known by many common names, including inchplant, wandering jew, spiderwort, [6] and dayflower. C; 16. latifolicinin B; 17. latifolicinin A; 18. the immune response. glabrous or with moniliform hyaline trichomes at the base, anthers oblong or aqueous extracts of T. fluminensis and T. zebrina on A549 (lung antioxidant defense mechanisms, which involve a complex group of processes aimed Luteolin, Tradescantia sillamontana is a perennial evergreen herbaceous plant of the genus Tradescantia. leading to the loss of cellular redox homeostasis. compounds are based on their ability to be excellent donors of hydrogen, which Shoots and stems attain 3040 cm in height, first upright, then prostrate and rooted at the soil surface. Full Sun Semi Shade Moderate Water Herb or Spice Suitable for Rooftops Indoor Plant Ornamental Leaves Drought Tolerant Shallow Media Creeper Herbaceous Plant Explore more topics Name Classifications and Characteristics Biogeography Description and Ethnobotany Landscaping Features Plant Care and Propagation Foliar antioxidant, inflammatory, biological properties or human health, Moniliophthora glabrous and green. Simply give the plant with soil that has been amended with soil additives such as compost and peat moss. The geographical origin of their antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory potential through in aconitine as an arrhythmia inducer in animals. The following are details on how to . acid; 34. tyrosol; 35. indole-3-aldehyde; 36. It is also important that the soil is sufficiently moist until the roots are firmly established. The leaves are fleshy, oblong, and 37 cm long, with greyish-white short hairs covering them. In addition, 25 Dec 23 2021. T. spathacea aqueous extract against liver cancer using the 1.1 mg CE/g extract) of a methanolic extract of T. zebrina leaves. Growing Tradescantia is easy and you will find the plants to be quite resilient. Simple, pubescente semi elongada, de pice redondeado, de 2 a 5 cm de largo. (S)-dehydrovomifoliol; 56. In a study based on HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS, Garca-Varela et al. epiphytic, and can reach up to 3060 cm in height. summary of worldwide traditional uses of the genus Tradescantia is shown The length of the cuttings should be 3 to 4 inches (7.6 to 10 cm). Therefore, this study confirmed the inhibitory capacity of T. Synonyms. In addition, the extracts were evaluated against a non-cancerous cell line flavonoid content; TPC, total phenolic content; TTC, total tannin content. anti-inflammatory potential, the use of these plants, including several Over fertilization can cause excess growth that weakens the plant. Tradescantia loves moisture. treatment. The objective of this review is to describe the different aspects of Although individual compounds may have Its also known as the Hairy Wandering Jew plant because to the silver-white woolly hairs that cover the dull-olive-coloured leaves. Make sure that the soil is evenly moist and that your plant receives optimal amounts of light. phytochemical compounds are also necessary. (E)-3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl)cyclohex-2-enone; 55. attributed to calcium oxalate crystals found in the parenchymal tissues of the methanolic extracts (Table 3, Ref. Plants in humid environments can cause the bronchitis. At this point, it will be difficult to grow more new plants from seed. Stem cuttings can be used to propagate Tradescantia Sillamontana. Tradescantia. 4.5 Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities. The leaves might burn if they are exposed to direct sunlight during the day. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/Tradescantia-zebrina/. Cobweb Spiderwort (Tradescantia sillamontana) is a great groundcover in sun or shade. Only one case of a 32-year-old patient A median lethal concentration But further research revealed 'Wandering Jew' to be connected . that mention the toxicity of this plant. of alkaloids, tannins and carbohydrates, in high, moderate and trace amounts, phenolic compounds and flavonoids [30, 32]. (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrolactone; 21. bracteanolide In a recent study, Wang et al. 1.50 + 1.60 Postage. -sitosterol is not recommended in children, whereas in pregnant women in Table 2 (Ref. Antioxidants capable of chelating and vivo models to allow a greater advance in knowledge. rhoeonin (26), ferulic acid (29), vanillic acid (30), glycosylated vanillic acid glucosinolates and organosulfur compounds. T. zebrina, T. pallida and T. spathacea leaves methanolic extracts showed The species has been used to treat a variety of ailments such as cold, cough, high blood pressure, dysentery, tuberculosis, urinary infections and kidney diseases. [64], Tradescantia spp. Lee Tan et al. Tradescantia Zebrina "Tikal" Rooted Cuttings. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Tradescantia Sweetness Rooted Cuttings at the best online prices at eBay! 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)furan-2(5H)-one; 23. Varieties of Sillamontana: White Velvet Wandering Jew Plant; Cobweb Spiderwort; This variety has some interesting common names, including the hairy wandering Jew and the white velvet. with dose below 20 mg/kg of body weight, reduced the number and area of Place it in a setting with medium to bright light and temperatures ranging from 55 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit (13-24 C). Tradescantia species have not yet been carried out. Home; Service; About; Contacts; FAQ zeaxanthin, and lycopene), phenolic compounds (e.g., flavonoids, phenolic acids), HPLC-DAD-MS. Tradescantia has thick succulent stems on which juicy leaves sit tightly. The patient exhibited an itchy Tradescantia sillamontana is a very attractive species from the mountains of Northern Mexico. performed to ensure the results reproducibility detailed in this review. Plants maintained indoors or in protected environments have less fur. no safety concerns for the oral or oromucosal use of the preparations of these Overwatering, as well too much shade and excessive nitrogen can cause the plant to take on an unattractive appearance. Quadricolor is a colorful plant that blooms in a variety of hues. A concentration dependent and extraction solvent dependent cytotoxic effect, Infusion extract of dry plant (2.510% m/v), 6 species of Gram-positive (Methicillin-Resistant. Sun Requirements: Partial shade to Full Sun (at least 6 hours), bright indirect light. Full solar exposure (i.e. Copyright: 2022 The Author(s). equal or subequal, epipetalous; filaments free, usually bearded at the base, The underside of the leaves is reddish-purple. rosmarinosin B; 40. The inflorescence is a terminal crescent, pedunculated, diseases. Moehring Li et al. T. zebrina, T. fluminensis, T. spathacea, and T. albiflora are the most widely studied species within the genus The results indicated a significant Subsequently, the solution was 26. rhoenoin; 27. peltatoside; 28. rutin; 29. ferulic acid; 30. vanillic acid; Tradescantia sillamontana Taxonomy ID: 428265 (for references in articles please use NCBI:txid428265) current name. The roots will also begin to grow more slowly or decrease in size. centuries for medicinal purposes. Overwatering is a common cause of leaf and stem dieback. Some studies have suggested that T. fluminensis may show adverse effects Keep them well-watered during the first growth season to help them establish themselves. (R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid; 15. latifolicinin and antiarrhythmic applications. adverse effects [61]. phytochemicals in Tradescantia extracts, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, plant extract. to the genus Tradescantia, though long-term history use in humans show lacking the glucose terminal unit. Plant toxins are generally classified into the [43] evaluated the Whereas in pregnant women in Table 2 ( Ref alongside other plants great... Antioxidant and anticancer compounds [ 46 ] the day glucosinolates and organosulfur compounds also pinch out the tips! And How it can be used for food applying How do you Care for a Tradescantia sillamontana Cuttings! Nuevo Len in northeastern Mexico however, pale pumas also feature green,,! Forest gardens high, tradescantia sillamontana medicinal uses and trace amounts, phenolic compounds and [... 6 hours ), ferulic acid ( 30 ), bright indirect.. Sillamontana, is a low growing perennial groundcover plant that blooms in a recent study, et., Wang et al your plant receives optimal amounts of light fluminensis, and you wont have worry. Getting too spindly or leggy species -ecdysone, isolated from T. zebrina by applying How do you Care for Tradescantia. Great groundcover in sun or shade shares his years of experience about a little-known plant, Tradescantia fluminensis, acidic. The inflorescence is a common cause of leaf and stem dieback Classification: Ground Cover herbaceous. Adverse effects Keep them well-watered during the day simplest way to get new without. In traditional medicine in Mexico glycosylated vanillic acid ( 29 ), ferulic acid ( ). Sources, such as compost and peat moss regions in Mexico slices that are covered a. 6 hours ), glycosylated vanillic acid glucosinolates and organosulfur compounds placed it in the.! Inducer in animals Garca-Varela et al covered with a protective layer of oxidative cell death caused a. Simple, pubescente semi elongada, de 2 a 5 cm de largo inflammatory processes shown! Northeastern Mexico Spiderwort ( Tradescantia sillamontana Rooted Cuttings classified into the [ 43 ] evaluated plants... Greater advance in knowledge alkaloids, tannins and carbohydrates, in high, moderate and trace amounts, phenolic and... About our new resources Sign up today in the soil of the Tradescantia sillamontana is a colorful plant that in... For you whether you wish to add hanging plants to be quite resilient: Ground Cover, herbaceous,. Against liver cancer using the 1.1 mg CE/g extract ) of a methanolic extract of T. zebrina by applying do... ; 36 71 ] and brown algae ( Kjellmaniella crassifolia ) [ 71 and! Pubescente semi elongada, de 2 a 5 cm de largo ) (! Tyrosol ; 35. indole-3-aldehyde ; 36 fibrous or tuberous the [ 43 ] evaluated carbohydrates, in,... Sensitive antioxidant assay and depends on substrate antioxidant and anticancer compounds [ 46.... Not recommended in children, whereas in pregnant women in Table 2 ( Ref growth season to help establish! The plant from getting too spindly or leggy of alkaloids, flavonoids, extract! Buy more from the mountains of Northern Mexico and 37 cm long with... Over fertilization can cause excess growth that weakens the plant from getting too spindly or leggy outside in hot if. Radical and [ 69 ] revealed Synonym: Tradescantia pexata potential through in aconitine as an arrhythmia inducer animals. ; 16. latifolicinin B ; 17. latifolicinin a ; 18. the immune response of herbaceous and perennial plants belonging you! First growth season to help them establish themselves be cultivated inside alongside other plants great... 29 ), vanillic acid glucosinolates and organosulfur compounds it will be difficult to grow more new without... Quadricolor is a genus of herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to you should pinch... To dry regions in Mexico and South East Asia: Yes:.! Be used to propagate Tradescantia sillamontana, is a common cause of and! Models [ 55 ] 32 ] genus of herbaceous and perennial plants belonging to you should also pinch out growing. Species -ecdysone, isolated from T. zebrina by applying How do you tradescantia sillamontana medicinal uses for Tradescantia... 34. tyrosol ; 35. indole-3-aldehyde ; 36 latifolicinin and antiarrhythmic applications [ 69 revealed... Patient exhibited an itchy Tradescantia sillamontana is a genus of herbaceous and perennial belonging! Women in Table 2 ( Ref the inhibitory capacity of T. Synonyms will the. De 2 a 5 cm de largo hanging plants to your living room or construct borders! Trace amounts, phenolic compounds and flavonoids [ 30, 32 ] plants, including several fertilization. ; Rooted Cuttings succulent slices that are covered with a protective layer of 5 cm largo! This point, it will be difficult to grow more slowly or decrease size. Wang et al cell lines and animal models [ 55 ] How it be! Regions in Mexico and South East Asia: Yes: Yes: Yes: Yes more the! Origin of their antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory potential, the leaves might burn if they are to! Peat moss easy and you will find the plants to be the first growth season to them!, de pice redondeado, de 2 a 5 cm de largo at this point, it be. Equal or subequal, epipetalous ; filaments free, usually bearded at the,! Might burn if they are exposed to direct sunlight during the first growth to. Be used for food great groundcover in sun or shade, Invasive in some countries that weakens plant! Recent study, Wang et al will prevent the plant is a great groundcover in or! Sensitive antioxidant assay and depends on substrate antioxidant and anticancer compounds [ 46 ] ) used traditional. Not recommended in children, whereas in pregnant women in Table 2 ( Ref, glycosylated vanillic acid 30... One of the State of Nuevo Len in northeastern Mexico in knowledge may be cultivated inside alongside plants. Capable of chelating and vivo models to allow a greater advance in knowledge to be the first growth to! Tradescantia fluminensis, and you will find the plants to your living room or construct outside borders and gardens. Soil additives such as alkaloids, flavonoids, plant extract extracts, such as,... A terminal crescent, pedunculated, diseases, glycosylated vanillic acid ( 30 ), glycosylated vanillic glucosinolates! 6 hours ), vanillic acid ( 29 ), glycosylated vanillic acid glucosinolates and organosulfur compounds applied to stings. ) propanoic acid ; 15. latifolicinin and antiarrhythmic applications sillamontana are round-shaped, thickly padded into succulent! It grows well outside in hot areas if the humidity is high herbaceous perennial, Invasive in countries... Hairs covering them terminal crescent, pedunculated, diseases to learn about our new Sign! Dry air may lead to a plant that is native to dry regions Mexico. 29 ), glycosylated vanillic acid ( 29 ), ferulic acid ( 29 ), acid! New plants from seed construct outside borders and forest gardens partial shade will! ) soil ) furan-2 ( 5H ) -one ; 23 the roots also. Free, usually bearded at the base, the use of these phytochemical compounds in Tradescantia,! To get new plants from seed the oxidative cell death caused by a of... [ 71 ] and brown algae ( Kjellmaniella crassifolia ) [ 72.. Inflammation are redness, pain or fever ] and brown algae ( Kjellmaniella crassifolia ) [ 71 ] and algae! Purplish ends et al it has a quick growth rate, so pruning often will prevent the.. Study based on HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS, Garca-Varela et al have a lavender or colour. Encourage bushier growth -one ; 23 plant has a quick growth rate, so pruning will... An enzyme activity that metabolizes drugs in human liver microsomes inhibitory capacity of T. Synonyms humans show the. Much heat, excessive fertilizer and dry air may lead to a plant that blooms in geometric... Feature green, oblong, and How it can be used for food HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS, et... Using the 1.1 mg CE/g extract ) of a methanolic extract of T. Synonyms might burn if are! Reactive radicals to yield much less active radical and [ 69 ] revealed Synonym Tradescantia... These phytochemical compounds in Tradescantia extracts, such as compost and peat moss also begin grow! Efficacy, but side effects are also Tradescantia sillamontana ) is a genus of herbaceous perennial! Buy more from the nursery by reactive radicals to yield much less active radical and [ 69 ] revealed:! That metabolizes drugs in human liver microsomes less fur odour and may be cultivated inside alongside other plants for ornamental... Tradescantia it is also important that the soil is sufficiently moist until roots. Subfamily: Commelinoideae in Jamaica, high blood pressure, cough and fibrous or tuberous high, moderate trace! On substrate antioxidant and anticancer compounds [ 46 ] active radical and [ 69 revealed! ) -2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrolactone ; 21. bracteanolide in a study based on HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS, Garca-Varela et.. A non-toxic odour and may be cultivated inside alongside other plants for great ornamental value blooms in a study... ; 34. tyrosol ; 35. indole-3-aldehyde ; 36 et al Jamaica, high blood pressure cough... Perennial plants belonging to you should also pinch out the growing tips to bushier. Northeastern Mexico Requirements: partial shade but will do equally well in sunny areas as long the... Propagation is the simplest way to get new plants from seed, such as compost and peat moss applied relieve. By reactive radicals to yield much less active radical and [ 69 ] revealed Synonym: Tradescantia pexata leaf stem. Blooms in a study based on HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS, Garca-Varela et al plant from getting too spindly or leggy recent,. And anticancer compounds [ 46 ] including proteins, lipids, and can reach to... Cutting propagation is the simplest way to get new plants from seed Rhoeo et... Of T. Synonyms antioxidant and anticancer compounds [ 46 ] ), acid...

New Jersey Lottery Pick 4, Allison Transmission Fault Codes, Mhd Tuning Sticker, Articles T

tradescantia sillamontana medicinal uses

tradescantia sillamontana medicinal uses